> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hessler-ap.gitbook.io/ap/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hessler-ap.gitbook.io/ap/writing-resources/rhetorically-precise-verbs.md). # Rhetorically Precise Verbs **What is a rhetorically precise verb?** A rhetorically precise verb describes the *nature* of the rhetoric used.
NO-NO WORDS

Accentuates
Accepts
Achieves
Adds
Adopts
Advocates
Affects
Affirms
Alleges
Alleviates
Allows
Alludes
Amplifies
Analogizes
Analyzes
Approaches
Argues
Ascertains
Asserts
Assesses
Assails
Assumes
Attacks
Attempts
Attests
Attributes
Augments
Avoids

Bases
Believes
Bolsters
Bombards

Challenges
Championed
Changes
Characterizes
Chooses
Chronicles
Claims
Clarifies
Comments
Compares
Completes
Concerns
Concludes
Condemns
Condescends
Conducts
Conforms
Confronts
Connotes
Considers
Constrains
Constructs
Contends
Contests
Contradicts
Contributes
Conveys
Convinces
Creates
Critiques

Declares
Deduces
Defends
Defines
Defies
Delineates
Demonstrates
Denigrates
Denotes
Denounces
Depicts
Describes
Details
Determines
Develops
Deviates
Differentiates
Differs
Direct
Disappoints
Discern
Discovers
Discusses
Dispels
Displays
Disputes
Disrupts
Dissuades
Distinguishes
Distorts
Downplays
Dramatizes

Elevates
Elicits
Elucidates
Embodies
Empathizes
Emphasizes
Empowers
Encounters
Enhances
Enlightens
Enriches
Enumerates
Envisions
Escalates
Establishes
Evokes
Evaluates
Excludes
Exhibits
Expands
Experiences
Explains
Explicates
Expresses
Exemplifies
Extends
Extrapolates

Fantasizes
Focuses
Forces
Foreshadows
Forewarns
Fortifies
Fosters
Functions

Generalizes
Guides

Hints
Holds
Honors
Heightens
Highlights

Identifies
Illuminates
Illustrates
Imagines
Impels
Implements
Implies
Includes
Indicates
Infers
Initiates
Inspires
Intends
Intensifies
Interprets
Interrupts
Introduces
Innundates

Juxtaposes
Justifies

Lampoons
Lists

Maintains
Magnifies
Manages
Manipulates
Masters
Meanders
Minimizes
Moralizes
Motivates
Muses

Notes

Observes
Opines
Opposes
Organizes
Outlines
Overstates

Paints
Patronizes
Performs
Permeates
Permits
Personifies
Persuades
Pervades
Ponders
Portrays
Postulates
Predicts
Prepares
Presents
Presumes
Produces
Projects
Promotes
Proposes
Provides
Provokes
Purports

Qualifies
Questions

Rationalizes
Reasons
Recalls
Recapitulates
Recites
Recollects
Records
Recounts
Reflects
Refers
Refutes
Regales
Regards
Regrets
Relates
Reinforces
Rejects
Remarks
Represents
Repudiates
Reveals
Reverts
Ridicules

Satirizes
Sees
Selects
Serves
Solidifies
Specifies
Speculates
States
Strives
Suggests
Summarizes
Supplies
Supports
Suppresses
Sustains
Symbolizes
Sympathizes

Traces
Transcends
Transforms

Understands
Understates
Unpacks
Uses

Vacillates
Values
Verifies
Views

Wants
Wishes

Words to AVOID in academic writing.


(Note: This is not an all-encompassing list! Any vague or empty language should be avoided.)

A lot
Very
Many
Things
Lots
Stuff
Ways
Really
Absolutely
Amazing
Awesome
Interesting
Bad
Great
Definitely
Extremely
Nice
Wonderful
Good